Secondary Years (Grade 9 & 10)

🧬 Secondary Science Topics (Grades 9–10)

🧫 Biology

1. Cell Structure & Functions
   – Prokaryotic/eukaryotic, organelles, cell cycle
   
   

2. Tissues (Plant & Animal)
   – Meristematic, permanent, muscle, nerve, etc.
   
   

3. Transport in Plants & Animals
   – Xylem, phloem, heart, blood vessels, double circulation
   
   

4. Respiration in Living Organisms
   – Aerobic vs anaerobic, energy equation
   
   

5. Control & Coordination in Animals
   – Brain, nerves, reflex, hormones (plants & animals)
   
   

6. Reproduction
   – Asexual, sexual, human reproduction, menstrual cycle
   
   

7. Heredity & Evolution
   – Mendel’s laws, traits, variation, fossils
   
   

8. Why Do We Fall Ill
   – Disease types, immunity, prevention
   
   

9. Natural Resources
   – Forests, wildlife, fossil fuels, sustainable development
   
   

⚗️ Chemistry

10. Matter – Its Nature & Behaviour
    – Atoms, molecules, laws of chemical combination
    
    

11. Structure of Atom
    – Bohr’s model, isotopes, subatomic particles
    
    

12. Periodic Classification of Elements
    – Mendeleev to Modern Table, trends
    
    

13. Chemical Reactions & Equations
    – Balancing, types of reactions
    
    

14. Acids, Bases & Salts
    – pH scale, reactions, common salts
    
    

15. Metals & Non-Metals
    – Properties, reactivity series, extraction
    
    

16. Carbon & Its Compounds
    – Covalent bonds, hydrocarbons, functional groups
    
    

17. Solutions, Colloids & Suspensions
    – Types, properties, separation techniques
    
    

⚙️ Physics

18. Motion
    – Equations, graphs, acceleration, displacement
    
    

19. Force & Laws of Motion
    – Newton's laws, inertia, momentum
    
    

20. Gravitation
    – Free fall, mass vs weight, buoyancy, Archimedes
    
    

21. Work, Energy & Power
    – KE/PE, formulas, units, power equations
    
    

22. Sound
    – Wave motion, speed, echo, human ear
    
    

23. Light – Reflection & Refraction
    – Lenses, mirrors, ray diagrams
    
    

24. Human Eye & Colorful World
    – Eye defects, spectrum, scattering
    
    

25. Electricity
    – Ohm’s Law, series/parallel circuits, resistance
    
    

26. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
    – Electromagnetism, motor, generator, Fleming rules
    
    

27. Sources of Energy
    – Renewable vs non-renewable, working of devices